Vilka effekter har FEDs ekonomiska stimulans på tillväxtmarknaderna?. Den amerikanska centralbanken FED fortsätter att avveckla sin ekonomiska stimulans i jämn takt, men rörelserna över tillväxtmarknader har varit allt annat än jämna. Tillväxtekonomier fortsätter under 2014 generellt sett den utveckling som de hade under slutet av 2013 och såväl valutor som aktiemarknaderna i många tillväxtländer har noterat betydande nedgångar. Vilka effekter har FEDs ekonomiska stimulans på tillväxtmarknaderna?
Med en minskad global likviditet till följd av att FEDs ekonomiska stimulans successivt dras in, har haft olika konsekvenserna bland nya och gränsmarknader, så kallade frontier markets. Under februari 2014 publicerade det globala kreditvärderingsinstitutet Moodys en rapport som tydligt markerade att tillväxtmarknader inte skall betraktas som en homogen grupp. Rapporten visar att effekterna av FEDs åtgärder har haft skilda effekter i dessa länder, och att mer robusta nationer som Sydafrika, Ryssland och Turkiet har alla klarat sig helt annorlunda än de mindre stabila länderna. Moodys konstaterar att det är länder med ett stort beroende av extern finansiering varit de som varit mest utsatta för effekterna av nedtrappningen av FEDs kvantitativa lättnader och kommer så att förbli.
Enligt Moodys har påverkan på många viktiga suveräna kreditmått bland tillväxtmarknadsländerna hittills varit och kommer sannolikt att fortsätta att vara begränsade. De negativa effekterna på dessa ekonomier, säger Moodys, kommer troligen att vara tillfällig och en del av deras anpassningsprocess till normaliseringen av penningpolitiken i de mer utvecklade ekonomierna.
Brasilien, som inledde sin monetära åtstramning under 2013 innan FED tillkännagav sina planer för nedtrappningen av den ekonomiska stimulansen har inte påverkats lika hårt som länder som Sydafrika och Turkiet, till exempel, har vars valutor drabbats av kapitalflödesjusteringar.
Ryssland har också varit något avskärmad från FEDs åtgärder främst på grund av ett större överskott i bytesbalansen tillsammans med sina större valutareserver, två faktorer som skyddat landets ekonomi från negativa effekter av åtstramningen av den globala likviditeten.
Den negativa påverkan på tillväxtekonomierna
Både tillväxtekonomier och frontier markets kommer att påverkas om den amerikanska penningpolitiken fortsätter på samma sätt som nu. Moodys konstaterar dessutom att den senaste tidens utveckling bekräftar att en ökning av finansieringskostnaderna i USA och globalt kommer att ha en större, och mer negativ, påverkan på tillväxtekonomiernas utveckling än vad det kommer att ha för de mer utvecklade länderna i västvärlden.
Moodys uppskattar att åtstramningen av den ekonomiska stimulansen kommer att leda till en negativ BNP-tillväxt för tillväxtekonomierna under perioden 2013 till och med 2016 som ackumulerar till mellan 2,8 och 3,2 procent beroende på snabbheten i åtstramningspaketen. Detta är nästan dubbelt stor effekt som för de mer så utvecklade ekonomierna. Moodys anser emellertid att dessa negativa effekter kommer att vara relativt begränsade och tillfällig karaktär.
Bland de nationer som är mest utsatta för en minskning eller återföring av de finansiella flödena rankas tillväxtmarknaderna högt eftersom dessa var mottagare av stora kapitalinflöden under perioden av kvantitativa lättnader i USA. De historiskt sett låga räntor och den rikliga likviditeten i de utvecklade ekonomierna, framför allt i USA, har bidragit till att driva kapitalflöden in i många snabbväxande tillväxtländer under de senaste åren. Inflödena på obligationsmarknaden är ett bra exempel. Men så stor uppmärksamhet, tog den globala tillväxten en vändning under 2013 leder tillväxtländerna på det hela för att uppleva en större avveckling.
Denna omsvängning i tillväxtutsikterna och den pågående minskningen av överdriven likviditet ledde till en nedgång i differential avkastningen på tillgångarna i avancerade ekonomier och tillväxtekonomier. Detta ledde till kapitalutflöden, vilket i sin tur utlöste fall i aktie-och obligationsindex samt valutadeprecieringar i precis samma tillväxtmarknader som gynnades av de ursprungliga inflödena.
I en separat rapport som Moodys publicerade framgår att åtstramningen av de ekonomiska stimulanspaketen från FED även framgent kan komma att ha en negativ effekt på en del av EMEA-ländernas ekonomier.
Det största hotet mot likviditet i vissa tillväxtmarknader till följd av effekterna av nedtrappningen av FEDs kvantitativa lättnader kan ligga i politiska åtgärder som påverkar den inhemska makroekonomiska miljön och ekonomiska system, inklusive lokala banker.
Statliga och penningpolitiska beslut som skulle kunna höja räntan är en viktig faktor som kan påverka företagens kassaflöden negativt och även minska utrymmet för finansiella åtaganden eller krediter där tillit är den outnyttjade anläggningar, noterar Moodys som också konstaterar att EMEA Liquidity Stress Index stiger om likviditeten försvagas. Indexet har ökat något till 14,7 procent i december 2013, något som i första hand pekar på svagare operativa resultat för ett fåtal företag, trots den allmänna trenden av kreditstabilisering.
As April winds down, markets remain on edge, with escalating tariffs and renewed trade tensions keeping volatility in focus. In this summary of our full-length newsletter, we spotlight gold and gold equities, both of which have surged to record levels. We also take a step back from the day-to-day noise in crypto to explore the broader shifts in the regulatory landscape in our latest Whitepaper and present Celestia in detail. Finally, we assess how Moat indexes have held up and evolved amid the turbulence.
Gold & Gold mining equities tend to shine during stress periods
Source: VanEck, World Gold Council.
Gold has attracted renewed interest from investors amid concerns about inflation, currency volatility, and overall market uncertainty. Gold mining companies have recently reported improved profit margins and cash generation, with some initiating share buybacks and maintaining relatively strong balance sheets. Despite these developments, many continue to trade below their historical valuation averages.
While historical trends indicate that gold and gold mining equities have outperformed during certain periods of market stress, these patterns may not repeat under different economic conditions. Performance can be influenced by a range of factors including interest rates, central bank policy, geopolitical developments, and investor sentiment.
⚖️ Whitepaper Highlights: How New Crypto Regulations May Shape the Future
Cryptocurrencies are entering a new era. With the re-election of Donald Trump and the implementation of the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, digital assets are moving into a landscape defined not just by innovation, but also by regulatory clarity.
MiCA’s structured and transparent approach aims to promote legitimacy, safeguard investors, and enhance trust in digital asset markets across Europe. It could also serve as a blueprint for other jurisdictions looking to regulate crypto effectively.
Most blockchains, like Ethereum or Bitcoin, are monolithic which means they perform all major functions (consensus, data availability, and execution) on a single layer. This design ensures security but according to new modular networks, limits scalability and flexibility.
The modular blockchain thesis, which Celestia is leading, proposes separation of layers and respective responsibilities in the network.
Note: This article in not accessible to our UK readers.
🌊 Riding the Gold Wave
Chasing the Vein: Fund Flows into Gold Miners
Source: Mining.com. Data as of 21 March 2025. Note: Data covers 493 funds with combined assets under management of $62 billion.
U.S. equity markets experienced significant declines during the month of March. Meanwhile, spot gold price recorded new all-time highs, surpassing the $3,000 per ounce mark on 14 March and closing at a record price of $3123.57 on March 31, a 9.30% ($265.73) monthly gain. As of 31 March, gold prices have risen by 93.61% over the past five years (1). Investors should keep in mind that past performance is not representative of future results.
The gold miners, as represented by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index (GDMNTR), outperformed significantly, up 15.51% during March (2). This gain reflects both their operational leverage to rising gold prices and market perceptions of relative value. However, gold miners can also be subject to heightened volatility, operational risks, and sensitivity to commodity price swings.
While gold and gold equities may serve as diversifiers in a portfolio due to their historically low correlations with many asset classes, investors should remain mindful of the inherent risks, including price volatility, currency movements, and shifts in investor sentiment that can lead to rapid reversals in performance.
Market turbulence in March weighed on stocks. The Moat Index was not immune to the market turmoil, as it declined along with the broad U.S. equity market ending the month lower. However, the Moat Index showed resilience relative to the S&P 500—thanks in part to defensive sector resilience and underweight exposure to mega-caps.
At the same time, the SMID Moat Index lagged small and mid-caps in March. Smaller U.S. stocks were also impacted by global trade tensions and economic growth concerns with the broad small- and mid-cap benchmarks falling during the month. However, year-to-date, the SMID Moat Index remains ahead of the broader small- and mid-cap markets.
(1) Source: World Gold Council, ICE Data Services, FactSet Research Systems Inc.
(2) Source: Financial Times.
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BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado (BBVAE ETF) med ISIN ES0105321030, strävar efter att spåra EURO STOXX® 50-index. EURO STOXX® 50-indexet följer de 50 största företagen i euroområdet.
Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,20 % p.a. ETFen replikerar resultatet av det underliggande indexet genom full replikering (köper alla indexbeståndsdelar). Utdelningarna i ETFen delas ut till investerarna (halvårsvis).
BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado har tillgångar på 133 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 3 oktober 2006 och har sin hemvist i Spanien.
Beskrivning BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado
Med BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado deltar investerare i ökningen av värdet på aktierna i de 50 största konglomeraten i euroområdet (euroområdet). Euro Stoxx 50-indexet inkluderar aktier från 8 länder i euroområdet: Belgien, Finland, Frankrike, Tyskland, Irland, Italien, Nederländerna och Spanien.
Explore Dogecoin’s impact on crypto, turning internet memes into cultural and financial assets.
𝕋𝕚𝕞𝕖 ℂ𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕤:
00:00 – Intro
00:27 – Where do Memes come from?
03:13 – What are some of the first Memes you remember?
10:28 – Do these things have value?
14:04 – The different types of cryptocurrencies
17:20 – How did Dogecoin start?
24:26 – What is some of the utility?
28:36 – How does it fit into the portfolio?
30:38 – Final thoughts
Research Newsletter
Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com
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