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Deep Dive into Pyth Network

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Pyth Network is a high-frequency oracle leveraging Solana's technology, offering a robust solution for off-chain data sharing for primarily decentralized finance applications (DeFi). It provides services like real-time price feeds and benchmarks, accessible to a wide range of financial service providers.

Pyth Network is a high-frequency oracle leveraging Solana’s technology, offering a robust solution for off-chain data sharing for primarily decentralized finance applications (DeFi). It provides services like real-time price feeds and benchmarks, accessible to a wide range of financial service providers.

What are Oracles?

Blockchains in and of themselves are useful already, for trustless and permissionless transactions without censorship. No trust or verification from the user is required because it is stored on a decentralised ledger with global consensus. What if certain transactions require reliable and real-time data from external sources that do not necessarily have a global consensus or can be stored on the same ledger? For example:

Products that rely on price feeds of assets from other blockchains or real-world markets: Many decentralized finance (DeFi) applications, like decentralized exchanges or lending platforms, need accurate and timely information about asset prices (e.g., stocks, cryptocurrencies, commodities). Since these prices are continuously changing in real-world markets, blockchains need a way to securely access this off-chain data.

• Products that require verifiable and secure random numbers: Randomness is crucial for a variety of blockchain use cases, such as lotteries, gaming, and even secure cryptographic protocols. However, generating truly random numbers on-chain is challenging without introducing bias or predictability. Off-chain randomness, when provided by a reliable source, is often needed.

• Products dependent on historical price data: Some DeFi platforms and financial products might need access to archived price data for risk assessment, backtesting trading strategies, or offering historical analysis. Since blockchains primarily focus on storing current state information, they need external sources to provide this historical data efficiently.

To address these challenges, Oracles were introduced. Oracles serve as bridges between blockchains and the external world, providing smart contracts with access to off-chain data. They connect external data providers—such as market data owners, web APIs, or IoT devices—to decentralized applications across multiple blockchains. Oracles enable these applications to securely and reliably obtain real-time data, execute transactions based on external events, and interact with data that cannot be directly stored on-chain.

Why can this data be trusted?

Oracles provide a robust mechanism for ensuring the integrity and reliability of off-chain data before it is used on the blockchain. An oracle network verifies the:

• Authenticity: To ensure that the data is genuine and comes from a legitimate source, oracle networks source data from multiple trusted providers or verifiable APIs. This process reduces the risk of malicious or false information being introduced into smart contracts.

• Accuracy: Accurate data is crucial for smart contracts to function correctly. Oracles achieve this by aggregating data from several independent sources. Instead of relying on a single provider, an oracle network will query multiple data sources and compare their responses.

• Reliability: Oracle networks enhance reliability by using decentralized nodes, which increases resilience against failures or malicious activity. If one data source or node fails or provides incorrect information, the other nodes in the network can continue to operate and provide valid data.

Source: VanEck Research

The demand for accurate and reliable off-chain data is growing as the number of real-world use-cases and adoption of blockchain increases. Users of applications are more than willing to pay for an oracle service that is accurate and reliable and covers a large variety of use-cases.

Pyth Network versus Other Oracles

Read the blog post of Battle of the Oracles to learn more about the different oracles solutions. To recap, Pyth Network is a high-frequency oracle leveraging Solana’s technology, offering a robust solution for off-chain data sharing for primarily decentralized finance applications (DeFi). It provides services like real-time price feeds and benchmarks, accessible to a wide range of financial service providers. PYTH is the governance token and utility token of the Pyth Network. Supply and demand for the PYTH token is directly related to level of usage and total demand of Pyth’s services and Pyth Network’s Tokenomics.

Total Value Secured by Oracles

Source: Defillama. Data as of 19/08/2024. Historical performance is no guarantee for future results. This should not be understood as financial advice for any of the digital assets mentioned in the figure.

While Chainlink holds the lion’s share of the total value secured by oracles, Pyth has shown by far the largest growth in terms of TVS, number of protocols supported and number of DApps. Pyth is expanding rapidly, across different networks and protocols, supporting more DApps, data providers and integration partners every day. In the same time frame, Chainlink’s marketshare has decreased. Comparing the main metrics of MCAP/TVS ratio and MCAP/TTV ratio, we notice that based on market capitalization (circulating supply), Pyth is undervalued whereas the TVS ratio based on fully diluted value paints a different picture. This is because only 37% of PYTH tokens are unlocked, the next significant PYTH token unlock takes place in May of 2025 and happens yearly thereafter on the same date until the full amount of tokens has been unlocked by 2027.

Source: Defillama, Coingecko, data as of 05/11/2024. Historic performance is not a guarantee for future results. This should not be understood as investment advice for any of the digital assets mentioned in the table above.

Pyth’s Unique Advantages

Source: Pyth, Data as of 19/08/2024. This should not be understood as investment advice for any of the digital assets mentioned in the table above.

Use-cases Enabled by Pyth

Products and Services

• Price Feeds: real-time market data for smart contracts, blockchains, and applications

• Benchmarks: historical market data for smart contracts, blockchains, and applications

• Express Relay: smart contracts or protocols that need protection against MEV (Express Relay)

• Express Relay is one of a kind product that offers developers to auction off valuable transactions directly to MEV searchers without validator interference

• Entropy: smart contracts that require secure on-chain random numbers. Secure and verifiable random numbers are incredibly important for creating a fair and unpredictable on-chain actions (e.g., for games)

• Pyth DAO Governance model

Examples:

• Decentralised Exchanges (DEXs) require reliable real-time price feeds to provide users accurate trades.

• Pyth’s data pull model provides data directly from the source, such as exchanges, market makers or DeFi protocols. Because data is pulled only on demand and not pushed at a given interval, it scales efficiently, and costs are offloaded to users where updates are demand-based.

Pyth Network Governance

The Pyth Network operates a decentralized governance system that empowers the community by allowing all PYTH token holders to have a direct say in the network’s development and decision-making processes. This decentralized governance model ensures that control of the network is distributed among its users, promoting transparency and inclusion.

To participate in governance, token holders must stake their PYTH tokens through the Pyth staking program. By staking their tokens, users gain the ability to vote on community governance proposals, ensuring that they have a voice in the key decisions shaping the future of the Pyth Network.

In addition to voting, any PYTH token holder has the right to submit proposals to the Pyth DAO, provided they meet the requirement of holding and staking at least 0.25% of the total PYTH tokens staked. The proposals that can be brought to the DAO are diverse and impact many critical aspects of the network’s functionality, including:

• Determining the size of update fees: Proposals can influence the fees charged for updates to the network, ensuring that they remain fair and competitive.

• Reward distribution mechanisms for publishers: The community can vote on how rewards are allocated to data publishers, ensuring that those contributing accurate and reliable data are fairly compensated.

• Approving software updates across blockchains: The Pyth Network operates across multiple blockchains, and governance participants have the power to approve essential updates to on-chain programs, ensuring the network remains up to date and secure.

• Listing price feeds and determining their reference data: Token holders can vote on which price feeds are listed on Pyth, as well as set the technical parameters for these feeds, such as the number of decimal places in the prices and the reference exchanges used to determine the data.

• Selecting data publishers: The governance system allows the community to permission publishers, or select which entities are allowed to provide data for each price feed. This ensures that only trusted and verified data sources are contributing to the network.

This is not financial research but the opinion of the author of the article. We publish this information to inform and educate about recent market developments and technological updates, not to give any recommendation for certain products or projects. The selection of articles should therefore not be understood as financial advice or recommendation for any specific product and/or digital asset. We may occasionally include analysis of past market, network performance expectations and/or on-chain performance. Historical performance is not indicative for future returns.


Important information

For informational and advertising purposes only.

This information originates from VanEck (Europe) GmbH, Kreuznacher Strasse 30, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany and VanEck Switzerland AG, Genferstrasse 21, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland. This information is intended only to provide general and preliminary information to investors and shall not be construed as investment, legal or tax advice. VanEck assumes no liability with regards to any investment, divestment or retention decision taken by the investor on the basis of this information. Views and opinions expressed are current as of the date of this information and are subject to change with market conditions. Certain statements contained herein may constitute projections, forecasts and other forward looking statements, which do not reflect actual results.

VanEck makes no representation or warranty, express or implied regarding the advisability of investing in securities or digital assets generally.

No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without express written permission of VanEck.

© VanEck (Europe) GmbH and VanEck Switzerland AG

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Deutsche Börse välkomnar Börse Stuttgart Commodities som ny emittent

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Sedan i fredag har de första börshandlade råvarorna från Börse Stuttgart Commodities kunnat handlas på Xetra och Börse Frankfurt.

Sedan i fredag har de första börshandlade råvarorna från Börse Stuttgart Commodities kunnat handlas på Xetra och Börse Frankfurt.

EUWAX Gold Core ETC gör det möjligt för investerare att delta i guldprisets utveckling, och erbjuder möjligheten att ta emot fysiskt guld eller en utbetalning i amerikanska dollar. Det är ett börshandlat skuldebrev som backas upp av fysiskt deponerat guld.

EUWAX Gold Traceable ETC gör det möjligt för investerare att delta i guldprisets utveckling. Den börshandlade obligationen backas upp av fysiskt deponerat guld. Guldgruvorna från vilka guldet kommer ut väljs ut av Boerse Stuttgart Commodities GmbH enligt fastställda kriterier. Detta säkerställer guldets spårbarhet, såväl som dess certifierade koldioxidavtryck.

Investerare kan delta i ädelmetallguldets utveckling genom ETCerna utan att behöva äga fysiskt guld.

NamnISIN/
Ticker
AvgiftUtdelnings-
policy
EUWAX Gold Core ETCDE000EWG4CR2
EWGC (EUR)
0,25%Ackumulerande
EUWAX Gold Traceable ETCDE000EWG4TR6
EWGT (EUR)
0,29%Ackumulerande

Produktutbudet inom Deutsche Börses ETF- och ETP-segment omfattar för närvarande totalt 2 435 ETFer, 202 ETCer och 258 ETNer. Med detta urval och en genomsnittlig månatlig handelsvolym på cirka 23 miljarder euro är Xetra den ledande handelsplatsen för ETFer och ETPer i Europa.

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EXSA ETF köper de 600 största aktierna i Europa

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iShares STOXX Europe 600 UCITS ETF (DE)( EXSA ETF) med ISIN DE0002635307, försöker följa STOXX® Europe 600-indexet. STOXX® Europe 600-indexet följer de 600 största europeiska företagen.

iShares STOXX Europe 600 UCITS ETF (DE) (EXSA ETF) med ISIN DE0002635307, försöker följa STOXX® Europe 600-indexet. STOXX® Europe 600-indexet följer de 600 största europeiska företagen.

Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,20 % p.a. ETFen replikerar resultatet av det underliggande indexet genom full replikering (köper alla indexbeståndsdelar). Utdelningarna i ETFen delas ut till investerarna (Minst årligen).

iShares STOXX Europe 600 UCITS ETF (DE) är en mycket stor ETF med tillgångar på 6 153 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 13 februari 2004 och har sin hemvist i Tyskland.

Varför EXSA?

Exponering för ett brett utbud av företag från utvecklade länder i Europa

Direktinvesteringar till stora, medelstora och små företag

Regional exponering

Investeringsmål

Fonden strävar efter att följa resultatet för ett index som består av de 600 största företagen från europeiska utvecklade länder.

Handla EXSA ETF

iShares STOXX Europe 600 UCITS ETF (DE)( EXSA ETF)

Börsnoteringar

BörsValutaKortnamn
gettexEUREXSA
Stuttgart Stock ExchangeEUREXSA
Bolsa Mexicana de ValoresMXNEXSAN
Borsa ItalianaEUREXSA
SIX Swiss ExchangeEURSXPIEX
XETRAEUREXSA

Största innehav

KortnamnNamnSektorVikt (%)ISINValuta
NOVO BNOVO NORDISK CLASS BHealth Care3.81DK0062498333DKK
ASMLASML HOLDING NVInformation Technology3.60NL0010273215EUR
NESNNESTLE SAConsumer Staples2.29CH0038863350CHF
AZNASTRAZENECA PLCHealth Care2.01GB0009895292GBP
SHELLSHELL PLCEnergy1.96GB00BP6MXD84EUR
NOVNNOVARTIS AGHealth Care1.87CH0012005267CHF
SAPSAPInformation Technology1.73DE0007164600EUR
ROGROCHE HOLDING PAR AGHealth Care1.62CH0012032048CHF
MCLVMHConsumer Discretionary1.61FR0000121014EUR
TTETOTALENERGIESEnergy1.39FR0000120271EUR

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Tariff Turbulence: April’s Policy Whiplash Shakes Markets

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It’s fair to say that most market participants were left disoriented after April’s economic rollercoaster. The month began with the announcement of a 10% “universal” tariff on April 2—an announcement that proved to be anything but universal. Canada and Mexico were excluded, certain sectors and products were exempt, and over 50 countries were instead hit with additional “reciprocal” tariffs ranging from 11% to 50%.

It’s fair to say that most market participants were left disoriented after April’s economic rollercoaster. The month began with the announcement of a 10% “universal” tariff on April 2—an announcement that proved to be anything but universal. Canada and Mexico were excluded, certain sectors and products were exempt, and over 50 countries were instead hit with additional “reciprocal” tariffs ranging from 11% to 50%.

Just days later, confusion deepened when those same reciprocal tariffs were suspended—except for China, where cumulative tariffs reached an effective rate of 145%. Countries across the world scrambled to craft retaliation measures while financial markets struggled to price in the flurry of conflicting announcements on an hour-by-hour basis.

Gold: From Panic to Safe Haven

Gold and gold stocks were swept up in the turmoil during the first volatile week of April. Margin calls, investor panic, broad selling pressure, and a rush to raise cash pushed gold below the $3,000 mark, hitting a monthly low of $2,983.27 on April 8.

However, gold’s safe haven status was soon reaffirmed, rising to new highs throughout the month and trading intraday as high as $3,500 per ounce on April 22.

While other asset classes also began to recover as the month progressed, gold stood out—rising 5.29% in April.

By comparison, the S&P 500 (1) fell 0.68%, the U.S. dollar declined 4.55%, and the Nasdaq2 eked out a modest (but notable) 0.88% gain. Even U.S. Treasuries experienced early selling pressure, with the 10-year yield briefly spiking to 4.5% on April 11 before settling at 4.2% by month-end. Gold ultimately closed April at $3,288.71 per ounce.

Gold Miners: A Tale of Two Halves

Gold miners, as represented by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index (GDMNTR)3, performed exceptionally well in the first half of the month, outpacing both the metal and broader asset classes. As equity markets rebounded in the latter half, however, investor enthusiasm for gold cooled, and miners lagged.

The month also highlighted the strong correlation between western investment flows and gold pricing. Inflows into global gold bullion ETFs early in April coincided with gold’s rally, while outflows during the final seven trading days contributed to downward price pressure. Still, gold equities—up 6.94% in March—achieved their goal of outperforming bullion and offered effective protection during April’s turbulence.

A Missed Opportunity for Most Investors

With only about 1% of global assets under management currently allocated to the gold sector, it’s clear that the vast majority of investors have missed out on gold’s exceptional performance this year. When we speak with those who are now starting to pay attention, our conversations typically revolve around two key questions:

• Am I too late?

• How much gold should I own in my portfolio?

On the first point, many investors see gold’s 25% surge this year—on top of a 27% gain in 2024—and assume the rally must be nearing its end. Interestingly, these same investors have been actively participating in equity markets that have risen nearly every year for the past 16 years.

Why Gold Still Has Room to Run

The S&P 500 has posted annual gains nearly every year since the 2008 financial crisis—except for 2015, 2018, and 2022—and is up 53% just since the start of 2022. Yet even after the market turmoil of April and an increasingly uncertain outlook, most investors remain hesitant to reduce their equity exposure or reallocate capital.

Gold, by contrast, has seen far less participation. Investment demand remains well below prior peaks. Given the strength of gold’s recent rally, a short-term pullback is neither unexpected nor concerning. In fact, we believe gold is in the process of forming a new, higher base—likely around $3,000 per ounce.

When investors return to gold in a meaningful way—and we believe the case for doing so is growing—the combined force of renewed investment flows and continued strong central bank buying could drive prices significantly higher. Based on historical correlations between ETF holdings and the gold price, a return to 2020 peak ETF levels could translate to an additional $600 per ounce increase.

In our view, it’s not too late to begin building or adding to a position in gold or gold equities.

If your portfolio currently has no gold exposure, now is an ideal time to start.

In today’s environment, having zero allocation to gold is increasingly difficult to justify.

How Much Gold Should You Own?

On the second point—how much gold exposure should I have?—we believe gold should be treated as a core, long-term component of a well-diversified portfolio. A strategic allocation of around 5% is a reasonable starting point for most investors. We do not recommend trading in and out of this core position.

A more tactical approach to complement a core allocation could involve adjusting the size of the position based on macroeconomic trends, as well as determining the appropriate mix between gold bullion and gold miners.

While initial interest in gold often leads investors to start with bullion, we believe gold equities also deserve consideration. Their risk profile may lead to different allocation choices depending on the investor, but they offer leveraged exposure to the gold price—an opportunity every investor should evaluate.

Finally, we recommend taking a basket approach when investing in gold equities. Consistently picking the top performers year after year is difficult, which makes diversification essential in this sector.

To receive more Gold Investing insights, sign up in our subscription center.

Article written by Imaru Casanova

Important Disclosures

All company, sector, and sub-industry weightings as of April 30, 2025, unless otherwise noted.

Please note that VanEck may offer investment products that invest in the asset class(es) or industries included in this communication.

This is not an offer to buy or sell, or a solicitation of any offer to buy or sell any of the securities mentioned herein. The information presented does not involve the rendering of personalized investment, financial, legal, or tax advice. Certain statements contained herein may constitute projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, which do not reflect actual results.

Please note that the information herein represents the opinion of the author, but not necessarily those of VanEck, and this opinion may change at any time and from time to time. Non-VanEck proprietary information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but not guaranteed. Not intended to be a forecast of future events, a guarantee of future results or investment advice. Historical performance is not indicative of future results. Current data may differ from data quoted. Any graphs shown herein are for illustrative purposes only. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without express written permission of VanEck.

Diversification does not assure a profit or protect against loss.

Nothing in this content should be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell shares of any investment in any jurisdiction where the offer or solicitation would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction, nor is it intended as investment, tax, financial, or legal advice. Investors should seek such professional advice for their particular situation and jurisdiction.

1 S&P 500 Index is widely regarded as the best single gauge of large-cap U.S. equities. The index is a float-adjusted, market-cap-weighted index of 500 leading U.S. companies from across all market sectors including information technology, telecommunications services, utilities, energy, materials, industrials, real estate, financials, health care, consumer discretionary, and consumer staples. 2NASDAQ Composite Index is a broad-based market index that includes more than 3700 stocks listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. 3NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index (GDMNTR) is a modified market capitalization-weighted index comprised of publicly traded companies involved primarily in the mining for gold.

Any indices listed are unmanaged indices and include the reinvestment of all dividends, but do not reflect the payment of transaction costs, advisory fees or expenses that are associated with an investment in a Fund. Certain indices may take into account withholding taxes. An index’s performance is not illustrative of a Fund’s performance. Indices are not securities in which investments can be made.

Investments in commodities can be very volatile and direct investment in these markets can be very risky, especially for inexperienced investors.

NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index is a service mark of ICE Data Indices, LLC or its affiliates (“ICE Data”) and has been licensed for use by Van Eck Associates Corporation (“VanEck”). VanEck products are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by ICE Data. ICE Data makes no representations or warranties regarding VanEck products or the ability of the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index to track general stock market performance.

ICE DATA MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE NYSE ARCA GOLD MINERS INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. IN NO EVENT SHALL ICE DATA HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

The S&P 500® Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by Van Eck Associates Corporation. Copyright © 2025 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, Inc., and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part are prohibited without written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC. For more information on any of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC’s indices please visit www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/. S&P® is a registered trademark of S&P Global and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. Neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor their third party licensors make any representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the ability of any index to accurately represent the asset class or market sector that it purports to represent and neither S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC, their affiliates nor their third party licensors shall have any liability for any errors, omissions, or interruptions of any index or the data included therein.

Gold investments are subject to the risks associated with concentrating its assets in the gold industry, which can be significantly affected by international economic, monetary and political developments. Investments in gold may decline in value due to developments specific to the gold industry. Foreign gold security investments involve risks related to adverse political and economic developments unique to a country or a region, currency fluctuations or controls, and the possibility of arbitrary action by foreign governments, or political, economic or social instability. Gold investments are subject to risks associated with investments in U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, commodities and commodity-linked derivatives, commodities and commodity-linked derivatives tax, gold-mining industry, derivatives, emerging market securities, foreign currency transactions, foreign securities, other investment companies, management, market, non-diversification, operational, regulatory, small- and medium-capitalization companies and subsidiary risks.

All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. As with any investment strategy, there is no guarantee that investment objectives will be met and investors may lose money. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. Past performance is no guarantee of future performance.

© Van Eck Associates Corporation.

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