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How are long-term BTC holders affected by the recent decline?
In this week’s newsletter, 21Shares explain Bitcoin’s recent price movements, Ethereum’s upcoming upgrade inching closer to mainnet, and how Polygon is leaping towards asset tokenization while helping consumers combat AI-generated fake news.
Bitcoin: Navigating a Cooling Market Amidst Unchanged Fundamentals
Despite investors capitalizing on profits at a rate reminiscent of late 2021, Bitcoin’s fundamentals stand resilient. To contextualize the price movements, with Bitcoin surging nearly 150% from the November 2022 lows and around 90% since the ETF-led speculation in October 2023, it’s reasonable to expect a cashing in on this rally. Although both short-term holders have been selling their holdings post the January 11th approval, the selling pressure, as indicated by transfers to exchanges in Figure 1, has started to stabilize. Nevertheless, a potential headwind lies in GBTC outflows. Particularly, investors who engaged in an arbitrage trade by purchasing GBTC in 2023 to leverage the fund’s discounted value, estimated at around $3 billion, are expected to be liquidating their positions. Further, the FTX estate divested most of its GBTC holdings, valued at approximately $1 billion, adding more color to the recent persistent outflows.
Figure 1: Short-Term Holders Transfer Activity to Exchanges
Source: Glassnode
With the attainment of this historic milestone, it becomes imperative to examine Bitcoin’s fundamentals to gauge the network’s overall health. The surge in new active addresses since January 11 indicates investors’ anticipation for the upcoming April 2024 halving event. Furthermore, the network is transitioning into a new phase marked by the emergence of diverse scaling solutions aimed at overcoming its limitations. This evolution enhances Bitcoin’s competitiveness among smart-contract platforms and heightens user excitement. A notable example is the upcoming Nakamoto upgrade by Stacks, scheduled around the halving. This upgrade will introduce sBTC, a derivative of Bitcoin with smart-contract functionality, that will enable interaction on top of its unique DeFi ecosystem. Additionally, the upgrade aims to reduce the network’s settlement time from 10 minutes to five seconds, providing a more streamlined user experience on top of the Bitcoin blockchain.
Ultimately, as Bitcoin’s hash rate maintains its upward trajectory, signaling sustained resilience for the network, and is complemented by the increasing number of whales highlighted in Figure 2—representing investors holding more than 1,000 BTC—a clearer picture unfolds. It is evident that long-term holders and steadfast believers in Bitcoin remain unfazed by the recent developments.
Figure 2: Large Holders’ Balance
Source: Glassnode
Ethereum Clears the First Hurdle Towards its New Upgrade
Dubbed Dencun, the upcoming network upgrade aims to slash gas fees for Ethereum’s scaling solutions by nearly 90%. This will be achieved through the introduction of data blobs, a novel data container that efficiently carries substantial amounts of data at a lower verification cost. This innovation is poised to significantly reduce settlement costs for rollup networks such as Arbitrum and Optimism. Despite a minor glitch in the first upgrade trial where the Prysm validator client software failed to sync data correctly due to a bug, the diverse client ecosystem maintained the network’s resilience, with Prysm accounting for less than 40% of all Ethereum nodes.
With the successful completion of the current upgrade, the path is now paved for two additional trial runs on January 30 and February 7, leading to the expected mainnet deployment in late March. This upgrade is pivotal, standing out as a key driver of excitement around Ethereum and its extensive ecosystem of scaling solutions, as evidenced by the network’s surging daily transactions reaching a multi-year high (see Figure 3). The upgrade, combined with speculating the approval of a Spot Ethereum ETF in the U.S. and its potential impact on ETH’s performance, is poised to generate momentum for the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, solidifying its market position.
Figure 3: Daily Transactions on Ethereum
Source: The Block
Polygon Advances Tokenization while Showcasing Blockchain’s Influence Beyond Financial Applications
Polygon’s Chain Developers Kit, introduced last year, has attracted protocols aiming to cater to the growing institutional appetite for tokenization. Libre is one of these protocols, introduced on January 10, with Hamilton Lane and Brevan Howard as the first consumers. Going live this quarter, Libre is an institution-focused protocol offering compliant issuance and automated lifecycle management of alternative investments. Moreover, Polygon Labs joined the Tokenized Asset Coalition aiming at bringing $1 trillion in assets on-chain. These initiatives focusing on accelerating the adoption of tokenized assets show the active role Polygon is aiming to play across the tokenized market, which we at 21Shares expect to grow to $10 trillion by 2030.
Beyond the financial use cases that crypto is misperceived to exclusively fulfill, Polygon also announced “Verify” in partnership with Fox Corporation. Verify is a blockchain-based content verification platform that aims to empower media companies to register their content and grant artificial intelligence (AI) platforms the right to use them so that end-users can easily verify the origin of a piece of content. This use case of blockchain technology is of utmost importance with the rapid rise of AI across different disciplines. AI-generated content may be used in bad faith to make a rumor believable, for example. Fake news can be detrimental in the age of AI. Verify is another example of how Polygon is trying to break the barrier and showcase blockchain’s value proposition beyond finance.
This Week’s Calendar
Source: Forex Factory
Research Newsletter
Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com
Disclaimer
The information provided does not constitute a prospectus or other offering material and does not contain or constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction. Some of the information published herein may contain forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The information contained herein may not be considered as economic, legal, tax or other advice and users are cautioned to base investment decisions or other decisions solely on the content hereof.
2024 was a landmark year for bitcoin, solidifying its role as a fully institutionalised asset class.
Institutional inflows into physical bitcoin exchange-traded products (ETPs) reached nearly $35 billion globally, signalling a major shift in how traditional investors view crypto. As bitcoin continued to enhance portfolios’ risk-return profiles, more institutional investors followed suit, reshaping the financial landscape.
Looking ahead, 2025 promises to bring exciting developments across the crypto ecosystem. Here are the top five crypto trends to watch.
Fear of being left behind
The era of bitcoin as a niche investment is over. Institutional adoption is creating a ripple effect, forcing hesitant players to reconsider. Portfolios with bitcoin allocations are consistently outperforming those without, highlighting its growing importance.
Figure 1: Bitcoin in a multi-asset portfolio
| 60/40 Global Portfolio | 1% Bitcoin Portfolio | 3% Bitcoin Portfolio | 5% Bitcoin Portfolio | 10% Bitcoin Portfolio | MSCI AC World | Bloomberg Multiverse | Bitcoin | |
| Annualised Return | 5.77% | 6.46% | 7.83% | 9.20% | 12.57% | 9.07% | 0.56% | 56.24% |
| Volatility | 8.79% | 8.86% | 9.14% | 9.62% | 11.42% | 13.94% | 5.05% | 67.28% |
| Sharpe Ratio | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.96 | 0.54 | -0.20 | 0.81 |
| Information Ratio | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | ||||
| Beta | 70% | 71% | 73% | 75% | 81% | 100% | 24% | 181% |
Source: Bloomberg, WisdomTree. From 31 December 2013 to 30 November 2024. In USD. Based on daily returns. The 60/40 Global Portfolio is composed of 60% MSCI All Country World and 40% Bloomberg Multiverse. You cannot invest directly in an index. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
With bitcoin’s ability to noticeably improve portfolios’ risk-return profiles, asset managers face a clear choice: integrate bitcoin into multi-asset portfolios or risk falling behind in a rapidly evolving financial landscape. In 2025, expect the competition to heat up as clients demand exposure to this powerhouse cryptocurrency.
Expanding crypto investment options
In 2024, regulatory breakthroughs opened the doors for physical bitcoin and ether ETPs in key developed markets. This marked a critical step towards making cryptocurrencies mainstream, providing seamless access to institutional and retail investors alike.
Figure 2: Global physical crypto ETP assets under management (AUM) and 2024 net flows
Source: Bloomberg, WisdomTree. 02 January 2025. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
In 2025, this momentum is expected to accelerate as the crypto regulatory environment becomes more friendly in the United States and as key developed markets follow Europe’s lead and approve ETPs for altcoins such as Solana and XRP. With their clear utility and growing adoption, these altcoins are strong candidates for institutional investment vehicles.
This next wave of altcoin ETPs will expand the diversity of crypto investment opportunities and further integrate cryptocurrencies into the global financial system.
The maturing of Ethereum’s layer-2 ecosystem
Ethereum’s role as the backbone of decentralised finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Web3 is unmatched, but its scalability challenges remain a hurdle. Layer-2 solutions—technologies such as Arbitrum and Optimism—are transforming Ethereum’s scalability and usability by enabling faster, cheaper transactions.
In 2025, Ethereum’s recent upgrades, such as Proto-Danksharding (introduced in the ‘Dencun’ upgrade), will drive layer-2 adoption even further. Innovations like Visa’s layer-2 payment platform leveraging Ethereum for instant cross-border transactions will underscore the platform’s evolution.
Expect Ethereum’s layer-2 ecosystem to power real-world use cases ranging from tokenized assets to decentralised gaming, positioning it as the infrastructure of a truly scalable digital economy.
Stablecoins: bridging finance and blockchain
Stablecoins are becoming indispensable to the global financial system, offering the stability of traditional assets with the efficiency of blockchain. Platforms such as Ethereum dominate the stablecoin landscape, hosting stablecoin giants Tether (USDT) and USD Coin (USDC), which facilitate billions in daily transactions.
Figure 3: Key stablecoin chains
Source: Artemis Terminal, WisdomTree. 05 January 2025. Historical performance is not an indication of future performance and any investment may go down in value.
As we move into 2025, stablecoins will increasingly interact with blockchain ecosystems such as Solana and XRP. Solana’s high-speed, low-cost infrastructure makes it ideal for stablecoin payments and remittances, while XRP Ledger’s focus on cross-border efficiency positions it as a leader in global settlements. With institutional adoption rising and DeFi applications booming, stablecoins will serve as the backbone of a seamless, interconnected financial ecosystem.
Tokenization: redefining ownership and revolutionising finance
Tokenization is set to redefine how we think about ownership and value. By converting tangible assets like real estate, commodities, stocks, and art into digital tokens, tokenization breaks down barriers to entry and creates unprecedented liquidity.
In 2025, tokenization will expand dramatically, empowering investors to own fractions of high-value assets. Platforms such as Paxos Gold and AspenCoin are already showcasing how tokenization can revolutionize markets for gold and luxury real estate. The integration of tokenized assets into DeFi will unlock new financial opportunities, such as using tokenized real estate as collateral for loans. As tokenization matures, it will transform industries ranging from private equity to venture capital, creating a more inclusive and efficient financial system.
For the avoidance of any doubt, tokenization complements crypto by expanding the use cases of blockchain to include real-world applications.
Looking ahead
2025 is set to be a defining year for crypto, as innovation, regulation, and adoption converge. Whether it is bitcoin cementing its position as a portfolio staple, Ethereum scaling for mainstream use, or tokenization unlocking liquidity in untapped markets, the crypto ecosystem is poised for explosive growth. For investors and institutions alike, the opportunities have never been clearer or more compelling.
This material is prepared by WisdomTree and its affiliates and is not intended to be relied upon as a forecast, research or investment advice, and is not a recommendation, offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy. The opinions expressed are as of the date of production and may change as subsequent conditions vary. The information and opinions contained in this material are derived from proprietary and non-proprietary sources. As such, no warranty of accuracy or reliability is given and no responsibility arising in any other way for errors and omissions (including responsibility to any person by reason of negligence) is accepted by WisdomTree, nor any affiliate, nor any of their officers, employees or agents. Reliance upon information in this material is at the sole discretion of the reader. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance.
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