När den amerikanska Finansinspektionen SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission, skjuter ner varje idé om Bitcoin ETF som korsar deras skrivbord har investerare vänt sig till Grayscales Bitcoin Investment Trust (GBTC) som ett sätt att få exponering mot kryptovalutor. Alla kallar det för en ETF för Bitcoin, här är varför det inte stämmer.
Även om många publikationer anser att GBTC är en börshandlad fond så stämmer det inte. Det är en så kallad ”grantor trust”. GBTC är inte registrerat hos SEC enligt lagen om investmentbolag från 1940 (the Investment Company Act of 1940). Aktierna handlas inte heller på en börs eller en reglerad marknadsplats. Istället handlas GBTC på den så kallade OTC-marknaden, ”over-the-counter” där reglerna är mindre stränga och regleringarna färre än på en börs.
Till skillnad från de flesta ETFerna betalar GBTC en hög årlig förvaltningsavgift. I detta fall ligger den på närmare två procent.
Startades 2013
GBTC startades initialt som en 506 (c) privat placering i september 2013 och förvaltas av Grayscale Investments, en enhet inom Barry Silbers Digital Currency Group. DCG är ett holdingbolag med inriktning mot kryptovalutor och blockchain-teknik. DCG äger CoinDesk, en ledande blockchain nyhetssajt och har investeringar i mer än 110 företag, inklusive Kraken Bitcoin Exchange.
Sedan 2013 har ackrediterade investerare haft möjlighet att köpa så kallade ”restricted shares” i Bitcoin Investment Trust direkt från Grayscale till det dagliga nettotillgångsvärdet. Detta är knutet till det efterföljande volymvägda genomsnittspriset för TradeBlock XBX Index. NAV-värdet är cirka 0,00100733 Bitcoinper aktie. (NAV-värdet finns tillgängligt på Bloomberg.)
Investerare köper och säljer
GBTC ägde 177.037 Bitcoins per den 29 januari. Antalet Bitcoins som innehas av Grayscales Bitcoin Investment Trust fluktuerar väsentligt eftersom investerare flyttar pengar in och ut från GBTC. Notera att GBTC endast har investerat i Bitcoin, och inte har några andra tillgångar. GBTC handlar inte med sina tillgångar, arbetar inte med terminer eller andra derivat. Det saknas hävstång i portföljen och de befintliga innehaven lånas inte heller ut. Detta gör GBTC till en perfekt approximation för Bitcoin även om det inte är en ETF för Bitcoin.
Sedan 2015 är GBTC godkända av Financial Regulatory Authority (FINRA) och OTC Markets Group, på OTCQX-marknaden, OTC Marketplaces toppnivå.
”Restricted shares”
Efter att ha ägt aktier i ett år blir investerare som köpte aktier direkt från GBTC berättigade att sälja sina ” Restricted shares ” aktier på den offentliga marknaden. Reglerna för försäljning av oregistrerade aktier är upptagna i SEC Rule 144. När aktierna sedan säljs på sekundärmarknaden kan vilken investerare som helst köpa dem.
Även om SEC inte gör det möjligt att kalla GBTC för en ETF för Bitcoin enligt the Investment Company Act of 1940 så har det ett unikt monopol. GBTC är det enda enda amerikanska investeringsföretaget som ger direkt exponering mot Bitcoin. I Sverige finns det två certifikat som ger exponering mot Bitcoin, men det är det enda andra värdepappret som finns. Detta gör GBTC eftersom det då är tillåtet att köpa andelarna på skattefördelatiga konton som IRA, Roth IRA och 401 (k).
Se inte GBTC som en ETF
Istället för att se GBTC som en ETF bör folk tänka på denna som en sluten fond. Dessa handlar vanligen mot premie eller rabatt till dess NAV. Anledningen till GBTCs premie är den stora efterfrågan på det lilla utbudet av aktier. GBTC har endast 176 miljoner aktier utestående. Fonden har en öppen struktur eftersom den kan höja tillgångar genom den privata placeringen, men innehavarna av dessa aktier måste vänta ett år med att handla med dem.
Om GBTC var mer likvid och större, och Bitcoin hade bredare acceptans, skulle det sannolikt finnas ett närmare samband mellan priset på GBTC och priset på den underliggande tillgången. Det här är en spekulativ investering i en spekulativ tillgång. GBTC fyller uppenbarligen ett behov på marknaden, det är därför som investerare köper det. Problemet är att GBTC kommer med en betydand och varierande premie. I dag finns det redan tillräckligt stora risker med kryptovalutor för att det skall läggas till ett premiumproblem.
Har alltid handlats med en premie
Sedan GBTC handlas offert på OTCQX-marknaden i början av 2015 har de handlat till en premiumvärdering till NAV. Medan vi inte kan identifiera en enda orsak till premien kan vi övertyga flera faktorer. För det första finns det färre aktier tillgängliga på marknaden än det finns efterfrågan. För det andra är det enda amerikanska investeringsföretaget som ger direkt exponering för Bitcoin genom köp av ett värdepapper.
As April winds down, markets remain on edge, with escalating tariffs and renewed trade tensions keeping volatility in focus. In this summary of our full-length newsletter, we spotlight gold and gold equities, both of which have surged to record levels. We also take a step back from the day-to-day noise in crypto to explore the broader shifts in the regulatory landscape in our latest Whitepaper and present Celestia in detail. Finally, we assess how Moat indexes have held up and evolved amid the turbulence.
Gold & Gold mining equities tend to shine during stress periods
Source: VanEck, World Gold Council.
Gold has attracted renewed interest from investors amid concerns about inflation, currency volatility, and overall market uncertainty. Gold mining companies have recently reported improved profit margins and cash generation, with some initiating share buybacks and maintaining relatively strong balance sheets. Despite these developments, many continue to trade below their historical valuation averages.
While historical trends indicate that gold and gold mining equities have outperformed during certain periods of market stress, these patterns may not repeat under different economic conditions. Performance can be influenced by a range of factors including interest rates, central bank policy, geopolitical developments, and investor sentiment.
⚖️ Whitepaper Highlights: How New Crypto Regulations May Shape the Future
Cryptocurrencies are entering a new era. With the re-election of Donald Trump and the implementation of the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, digital assets are moving into a landscape defined not just by innovation, but also by regulatory clarity.
MiCA’s structured and transparent approach aims to promote legitimacy, safeguard investors, and enhance trust in digital asset markets across Europe. It could also serve as a blueprint for other jurisdictions looking to regulate crypto effectively.
Most blockchains, like Ethereum or Bitcoin, are monolithic which means they perform all major functions (consensus, data availability, and execution) on a single layer. This design ensures security but according to new modular networks, limits scalability and flexibility.
The modular blockchain thesis, which Celestia is leading, proposes separation of layers and respective responsibilities in the network.
Note: This article in not accessible to our UK readers.
🌊 Riding the Gold Wave
Chasing the Vein: Fund Flows into Gold Miners
Source: Mining.com. Data as of 21 March 2025. Note: Data covers 493 funds with combined assets under management of $62 billion.
U.S. equity markets experienced significant declines during the month of March. Meanwhile, spot gold price recorded new all-time highs, surpassing the $3,000 per ounce mark on 14 March and closing at a record price of $3123.57 on March 31, a 9.30% ($265.73) monthly gain. As of 31 March, gold prices have risen by 93.61% over the past five years (1). Investors should keep in mind that past performance is not representative of future results.
The gold miners, as represented by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index (GDMNTR), outperformed significantly, up 15.51% during March (2). This gain reflects both their operational leverage to rising gold prices and market perceptions of relative value. However, gold miners can also be subject to heightened volatility, operational risks, and sensitivity to commodity price swings.
While gold and gold equities may serve as diversifiers in a portfolio due to their historically low correlations with many asset classes, investors should remain mindful of the inherent risks, including price volatility, currency movements, and shifts in investor sentiment that can lead to rapid reversals in performance.
Market turbulence in March weighed on stocks. The Moat Index was not immune to the market turmoil, as it declined along with the broad U.S. equity market ending the month lower. However, the Moat Index showed resilience relative to the S&P 500—thanks in part to defensive sector resilience and underweight exposure to mega-caps.
At the same time, the SMID Moat Index lagged small and mid-caps in March. Smaller U.S. stocks were also impacted by global trade tensions and economic growth concerns with the broad small- and mid-cap benchmarks falling during the month. However, year-to-date, the SMID Moat Index remains ahead of the broader small- and mid-cap markets.
(1) Source: World Gold Council, ICE Data Services, FactSet Research Systems Inc.
(2) Source: Financial Times.
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BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado (BBVAE ETF) med ISIN ES0105321030, strävar efter att spåra EURO STOXX® 50-index. EURO STOXX® 50-indexet följer de 50 största företagen i euroområdet.
Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,20 % p.a. ETFen replikerar resultatet av det underliggande indexet genom full replikering (köper alla indexbeståndsdelar). Utdelningarna i ETFen delas ut till investerarna (halvårsvis).
BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado har tillgångar på 133 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 3 oktober 2006 och har sin hemvist i Spanien.
Beskrivning BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado
Med BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado deltar investerare i ökningen av värdet på aktierna i de 50 största konglomeraten i euroområdet (euroområdet). Euro Stoxx 50-indexet inkluderar aktier från 8 länder i euroområdet: Belgien, Finland, Frankrike, Tyskland, Irland, Italien, Nederländerna och Spanien.
Explore Dogecoin’s impact on crypto, turning internet memes into cultural and financial assets.
𝕋𝕚𝕞𝕖 ℂ𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕤:
00:00 – Intro
00:27 – Where do Memes come from?
03:13 – What are some of the first Memes you remember?
10:28 – Do these things have value?
14:04 – The different types of cryptocurrencies
17:20 – How did Dogecoin start?
24:26 – What is some of the utility?
28:36 – How does it fit into the portfolio?
30:38 – Final thoughts
Research Newsletter
Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com
Disclaimer
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