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Alla kallar det för en ETF för Bitcoin, här är varför det inte stämmer

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Grayscales Bitcoin Investment Trust (GBTC) som ett sätt att få exponering mot kryptovalutor. Alla kallar det för en ETF för Bitcoin, här är varför det inte stämmer.

När den amerikanska Finansinspektionen SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission, skjuter ner varje idé om Bitcoin ETF som korsar deras skrivbord har investerare vänt sig till Grayscales Bitcoin Investment Trust (GBTC) som ett sätt att få exponering mot kryptovalutor. Alla kallar det för en ETF för Bitcoin, här är varför det inte stämmer.

Även om många publikationer anser att GBTC är en börshandlad fond så stämmer det inte. Det är en så kallad ”grantor trust”. GBTC är inte registrerat hos SEC enligt lagen om investmentbolag från 1940 (the Investment Company Act of 1940). Aktierna handlas inte heller på en börs eller en reglerad marknadsplats. Istället handlas GBTC på den så kallade OTC-marknaden, ”over-the-counter” där reglerna är mindre stränga och regleringarna färre än på en börs.

Till skillnad från de flesta ETFerna betalar GBTC en hög årlig förvaltningsavgift. I detta fall ligger den på närmare två procent.

Startades 2013

GBTC startades initialt som en 506 (c) privat placering i september 2013 och förvaltas av Grayscale Investments, en enhet inom Barry Silbers Digital Currency Group. DCG är ett holdingbolag med inriktning mot kryptovalutor och blockchain-teknik. DCG äger CoinDesk, en ledande blockchain nyhetssajt och har investeringar i mer än 110 företag, inklusive Kraken Bitcoin Exchange.

Sedan 2013 har ackrediterade investerare haft möjlighet att köpa så kallade ”restricted shares” i Bitcoin Investment Trust direkt från Grayscale till det dagliga nettotillgångsvärdet. Detta är knutet till det efterföljande volymvägda genomsnittspriset för TradeBlock XBX Index. NAV-värdet är cirka 0,00100733 Bitcoin per aktie. (NAV-värdet finns tillgängligt på Bloomberg.)

Investerare köper och säljer

GBTC ägde 177.037 Bitcoins per den 29 januari. Antalet Bitcoins som innehas av Grayscales Bitcoin Investment Trust fluktuerar väsentligt eftersom investerare flyttar pengar in och ut från GBTC. Notera att GBTC endast har investerat i Bitcoin, och inte har några andra tillgångar. GBTC handlar inte med sina tillgångar, arbetar inte med terminer eller andra derivat. Det saknas hävstång i portföljen och de befintliga innehaven lånas inte heller ut. Detta gör GBTC till en perfekt approximation för Bitcoin även om det inte är en ETF för Bitcoin.

Sedan 2015 är GBTC godkända av Financial Regulatory Authority (FINRA) och OTC Markets Group, på OTCQX-marknaden, OTC Marketplaces toppnivå.

”Restricted shares”

Efter att ha ägt aktier i ett år blir investerare som köpte aktier direkt från GBTC berättigade att sälja sina ” Restricted shares ” aktier på den offentliga marknaden. Reglerna för försäljning av oregistrerade aktier är upptagna i SEC Rule 144. När aktierna sedan säljs på sekundärmarknaden kan vilken investerare som helst köpa dem.

Även om SEC inte gör det möjligt att kalla GBTC för en ETF för Bitcoin enligt the Investment Company Act of 1940 så har det ett unikt monopol. GBTC är det enda enda amerikanska investeringsföretaget som ger direkt exponering mot Bitcoin. I Sverige finns det två certifikat som ger exponering mot Bitcoin, men det är det enda andra värdepappret som finns. Detta gör GBTC eftersom det då är tillåtet att köpa andelarna på skattefördelatiga konton som IRA, Roth IRA och 401 (k).

Se inte GBTC som en ETF

Istället för att se GBTC som en ETF bör folk tänka på denna som en sluten fond. Dessa handlar vanligen mot premie eller rabatt till dess NAV. Anledningen till GBTCs premie är den stora efterfrågan på det lilla utbudet av aktier. GBTC har endast 176 miljoner aktier utestående. Fonden har en öppen struktur eftersom den kan höja tillgångar genom den privata placeringen, men innehavarna av dessa aktier måste vänta ett år med att handla med dem.

Om GBTC var mer likvid och större, och Bitcoin hade bredare acceptans, skulle det sannolikt finnas ett närmare samband mellan priset på GBTC och priset på den underliggande tillgången. Det här är en spekulativ investering i en spekulativ tillgång. GBTC fyller uppenbarligen ett behov på marknaden, det är därför som investerare köper det. Problemet är att GBTC kommer med en betydand och varierande premie. I dag finns det redan tillräckligt stora risker med kryptovalutor för att det skall läggas till ett premiumproblem.

Har alltid handlats med en premie

Sedan GBTC handlas offert på OTCQX-marknaden i början av 2015 har de handlat till en premiumvärdering till NAV. Medan vi inte kan identifiera en enda orsak till premien kan vi övertyga flera faktorer. För det första finns det färre aktier tillgängliga på marknaden än det finns efterfrågan. För det andra är det enda amerikanska investeringsföretaget som ger direkt exponering för Bitcoin genom köp av ett värdepapper.

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April in ETFs: Gold at New Highs, Crypto in Transition, and Moat Index Holding Steady

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As April winds down, markets remain on edge, with escalating tariffs and renewed trade tensions keeping volatility in focus. In this summary of our full-length newsletter, we spotlight gold and gold equities, both of which have surged to record levels. We also take a step back from the day-to-day noise in crypto to explore the broader shifts in the regulatory landscape in our latest Whitepaper and present Celestia in detail. Finally, we assess how Moat indexes have held up and evolved amid the turbulence.

As April winds down, markets remain on edge, with escalating tariffs and renewed trade tensions keeping volatility in focus. In this summary of our full-length newsletter, we spotlight gold and gold equities, both of which have surged to record levels. We also take a step back from the day-to-day noise in crypto to explore the broader shifts in the regulatory landscape in our latest Whitepaper and present Celestia in detail. Finally, we assess how Moat indexes have held up and evolved amid the turbulence.

Your VanEck Europe team wishes you a great read.


Featured Articles

🥇 Are Gold Mining Equities Regaining Attention Amid Rising Gold Prices?

Gold & Gold mining equities tend to shine during stress periods

Source: VanEck, World Gold Council.

Gold has attracted renewed interest from investors amid concerns about inflation, currency volatility, and overall market uncertainty. Gold mining companies have recently reported improved profit margins and cash generation, with some initiating share buybacks and maintaining relatively strong balance sheets. Despite these developments, many continue to trade below their historical valuation averages.

While historical trends indicate that gold and gold mining equities have outperformed during certain periods of market stress, these patterns may not repeat under different economic conditions. Performance can be influenced by a range of factors including interest rates, central bank policy, geopolitical developments, and investor sentiment.

→ Read more

⚖️ Whitepaper Highlights: How New Crypto Regulations May Shape the Future

Cryptocurrencies are entering a new era. With the re-election of Donald Trump and the implementation of the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, digital assets are moving into a landscape defined not just by innovation, but also by regulatory clarity.

MiCA’s structured and transparent approach aims to promote legitimacy, safeguard investors, and enhance trust in digital asset markets across Europe. It could also serve as a blueprint for other jurisdictions looking to regulate crypto effectively.

→ Read the Whitepaper Highlights

⛓️ Introduction to Celestia

Most blockchains, like Ethereum or Bitcoin, are monolithic which means they perform all major functions (consensus, data availability, and execution) on a single layer. This design ensures security but according to new modular networks, limits scalability and flexibility.

The modular blockchain thesis, which Celestia is leading, proposes separation of layers and respective responsibilities in the network.

→ Read more

Note: This article in not accessible to our UK readers.

🌊 Riding the Gold Wave

Chasing the Vein: Fund Flows into Gold Miners

Source: Mining.com. Data as of 21 March 2025. Note: Data covers 493 funds with combined assets under management of $62 billion.

U.S. equity markets experienced significant declines during the month of March. Meanwhile, spot gold price recorded new all-time highs, surpassing the $3,000 per ounce mark on 14 March and closing at a record price of $3123.57 on March 31, a 9.30% ($265.73) monthly gain. As of 31 March, gold prices have risen by 93.61% over the past five years (1). Investors should keep in mind that past performance is not representative of future results.

The gold miners, as represented by the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index (GDMNTR), outperformed significantly, up 15.51% during March (2). This gain reflects both their operational leverage to rising gold prices and market perceptions of relative value. However, gold miners can also be subject to heightened volatility, operational risks, and sensitivity to commodity price swings.

While gold and gold equities may serve as diversifiers in a portfolio due to their historically low correlations with many asset classes, investors should remain mindful of the inherent risks, including price volatility, currency movements, and shifts in investor sentiment that can lead to rapid reversals in performance.

→ Read more

🌪️ Moat Stocks Weather Tariff Tumble

Market turbulence in March weighed on stocks. The Moat Index was not immune to the market turmoil, as it declined along with the broad U.S. equity market ending the month lower. However, the Moat Index showed resilience relative to the S&P 500—thanks in part to defensive sector resilience and underweight exposure to mega-caps.

At the same time, the SMID Moat Index lagged small and mid-caps in March. Smaller U.S. stocks were also impacted by global trade tensions and economic growth concerns with the broad small- and mid-cap benchmarks falling during the month. However, year-to-date, the SMID Moat Index remains ahead of the broader small- and mid-cap markets.

→ Read more


This is a preview of our monthly ETF insights email newsletter.

To receive the full version, sign up here.


(1) Source: World Gold Council, ICE Data Services, FactSet Research Systems Inc.

(2) Source: Financial Times.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

This is marketing communication. Please refer to the prospectus of the UCITS and to the KID/KIID before making any final investment decisions. These documents are available in English and the KIDs/KIIDs in local languages and can be obtained free of charge at www.vaneck.com, from VanEck Asset Management B.V. (the “Management Company”) or, where applicable, from the relevant appointed facility agent for your country.

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For investors in the UK: This is a marketing communication targeted to FCA regulated financial intermediaries. Retail clients should not rely on any of the information provided and should seek assistance from a financial intermediary for all investment guidance and advice. VanEck Securities UK Limited (FRN: 1002854) is an Appointed Representative of Sturgeon Ventures LLP (FRN: 452811), which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in the UK, to distribute VanEck´s products to FCA regulated firms such as financial intermediaries and Wealth Managers.

This information originates from VanEck (Europe) GmbH, which is authorized as an EEA investment firm under MiFID under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFiD). VanEck (Europe) GmbH has its registered address at Kreuznacher Str. 30, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany, and has been appointed as distributor of VanEck products in Europe by the Management Company. The Management Company is incorporated under Dutch law and registered with the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM).

This material is only intended for general and preliminary information and shall not be construed as investment, legal or tax advice. VanEck (Europe) GmbH and its associated and affiliated companies (together “VanEck”) assume no liability with regards to any investment, divestment or retention decision on the basis of this information. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) but not necessarily those of VanEck. Opinions are current as of the publication date and are subject to change with market conditions. Information provided by third party sources is believed to be reliable and have not been independently verified for accuracy or completeness and cannot be guaranteed.

Morningstar® Wide Moat Focus IndexSM, Morningstar® US Sustainability Moat Focus Index, Morningstar® US Small-Mid Cap Moat Focus IndexSM, and Morningstar® Global Wide Moat Focus IndexSM are trademarks or service marks of Morningstar, Inc. and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by VanEck. VanEck’s ETFs are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Morningstar, and Morningstar makes no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the ETFs. Morningstar bears no liability with respect to the ETFs or any securities.

Effective December 15, 2023, the carbon risk rating screen was removed from the Morningstar® US Sustainability Moat Focus Index. Effective December 17, 2021, the Morningstar® Wide Moat Focus IndexTM was replaced with the Morningstar® US Sustainability Moat Focus Index. Effective June 20, 2016, Morningstar implemented several changes to the Morningstar® Wide Moat Focus Index construction rules. Among other changes, the index increased its constituent count from 20 stocks to at least 40 stocks and modified its rebalance and reconstitution methodology. These changes may result in more diversified exposure, lower turnover, and longer holding periods for index constituents than under the rules in effect prior to that date.

NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index is a service mark of ICE Data Indices, LLC or its affiliates (“ICE Data”) and has been licensed for use by VanEck UCITS ETF plc (the “Fund”) in connection with the ETF. Neither the Fund nor the ETF is sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by ICE Data. ICE Data makes no representations or warranties regarding the Fund or the ETF or the ability of the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index to track general stock market performance. ICE DATA MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE NYSE ARCA GOLD MINERS INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. IN NO EVENT SHALL ICE DATA HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS), EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ICE Data Indices, LLC and its affiliates (“ICE Data”) indices and related information, the name “ICE Data”, and related trademarks, are intellectual property licensed from ICE Data, and may not be copied, used, or distributed without ICE Data’s prior written approval. The Fund has not been passed on as to its legality or suitability, and is not regulated, issued, endorsed’ sold, guaranteed, or promoted by ICE Data.

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BBVAE ETF är en spansk ETF som spårar Eurostoxx 50

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BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado (BBVAE ETF) med ISIN ES0105321030, strävar efter att spåra EURO STOXX® 50-index. EURO STOXX® 50-indexet följer de 50 största företagen i euroområdet.

BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado (BBVAE ETF) med ISIN ES0105321030, strävar efter att spåra EURO STOXX® 50-index. EURO STOXX® 50-indexet följer de 50 största företagen i euroområdet.

Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,20 % p.a. ETFen replikerar resultatet av det underliggande indexet genom full replikering (köper alla indexbeståndsdelar). Utdelningarna i ETFen delas ut till investerarna (halvårsvis).

BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado har tillgångar på 133 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 3 oktober 2006 och har sin hemvist i Spanien.

Beskrivning BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado

Med BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado deltar investerare i ökningen av värdet på aktierna i de 50 största konglomeraten i euroområdet (euroområdet). Euro Stoxx 50-indexet inkluderar aktier från 8 länder i euroområdet: Belgien, Finland, Frankrike, Tyskland, Irland, Italien, Nederländerna och Spanien.

Handla BBVAE ETF

BBVA Acción Eurostoxx 50 ETF FI Cotizado Armonizado (BBVAE ETF) är en börshandlad fond (ETF) som handlas på Bolsa de Madrid.

Bolsa de Madrid är en marknad som få svenska banker och nätmäklare erbjuder access till, men DEGIRO gör det.

Börsnoteringar

BörsValutaKortnamn
Bolsa de MadridEURBBVAE

Största innehav

VärdepapperVikt %
ASML Holding NVNL00102732158,59%
Lvmh Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SEFR00001210145,60%
SAP SEDE00071646005,16%
TotalEnergies SEFR00001202714,59%
Siemens AGDE00072361013,70%
Schneider Electric SEFR00001219723,46%
Future on Euro Stoxx 503,02%
Sanofi SAFR00001205782,99%
L’Oreal SAFR00001203212,98%
Allianz SEDE00084040052,93%

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The Art of Meme-ing: How Dogecoin Redefined Value

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Explore Dogecoin's impact on crypto, turning internet memes into cultural and financial assets.

Explore Dogecoin’s impact on crypto, turning internet memes into cultural and financial assets.

𝕋𝕚𝕞𝕖 ℂ𝕠𝕕𝕖𝕤:

00:00 – Intro

00:27 – Where do Memes come from?

03:13 – What are some of the first Memes you remember?

10:28 – Do these things have value?

14:04 – The different types of cryptocurrencies

17:20 – How did Dogecoin start?

24:26 – What is some of the utility?

28:36 – How does it fit into the portfolio?

30:38 – Final thoughts

Research Newsletter

Each week the 21Shares Research team will publish our data-driven insights into the crypto asset world through this newsletter. Please direct any comments, questions, and words of feedback to research@21shares.com

Disclaimer

The information provided does not constitute a prospectus or other offering material and does not contain or constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction. Some of the information published herein may contain forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The information contained herein may not be considered as economic, legal, tax or other advice and users are cautioned to base investment decisions or other decisions solely on the content hereof.

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