På de finansiella marknaderna brukar måndagen den 30 oktober 1987 refereras till som ”Black Monday”. Denna dag kraschade aktiemarknaderna världen över och enorma världen eroderades på väldigt kort tid. I veckan var det 30 år efter Black Monday. Kraschen började i Hong Kong och spred sig sedan västerut till Europa och nådde USA efter det att andra aktiemarknader redan hade slaktats.
Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) sjönk exakt 508 punkter till 1,738,74 (22,61%). Detta motsvarar 22,6 procent och var det största i detta index historia. Stockholmsbörsen gick ned med över 20 procent. I slutet av oktober hade börskurserna i Hong Kong gått ned med 45,8, Australien 41,8, Storbritannien 26,4, USA 22,68 och Kanada 22,5 procent.
I Australien och Nya Zeeland kallas 1987-kraschen även som ”Black Tuesday” på grund av tidszonskillnaden. Begreppen Black Monday och Black Tuesday tillämpas också för den 28 oktober och 29 oktober 1929, som inträffade efter Black Thursday den 24 oktober, som startade börsmarknadskraschen 1929.
Medan många banker i bland annat USA fick stora problem i samband med börskraschen 1929, klarade sig det finansiella systemet ganska bra i samband med fallet 1987. Börsen slutade faktiskt på plus vid årets slut trots det kraftiga raset. Sambandet mellan kraftig börsnedgång och hur den påverkar det finansiella systemet beskriver hur allvarliga konsekvenserna blir för den reala ekonomin. Den svarta måndagen 1987 fick därför inte lika bestående effekter på ekonomierna som börsfallet 1929.
Backgrund
Under den senare delen av 1985 och den tidigare delen av 1986 skiftade USAs ekonomi från en snabb återhämtning till en långsammare expansion, vilket resulterade i en kort mjuklandning när ekonomin saktade ned och inflationen sjönk. Börsen steg markant och Dow Jones toppade på 2 722 i augusti 1987. Det var 44 procent över 1 895, den nivån som Dow Jones stängde på 1986.
Ytterligare finansiell osäkerhet kan ha varit en följd av OPECs fall i början av 1986, vilket ledde till en prisnedgång på råoljapå mer än 50% i mitten av 1986.
Den 14 oktober föll DJIA 95,46 punkter, motsvarande 3,8 procent vilket då var ett rekord till 2,412,70, och föll ytterligare 58 punkter 2,4 procent nästa dag. Det var över 12 procent från toppen den 25 augusti samma år.
Silkwormissil
På torsdagen den 15 oktober 1987 attackerade Iran den amerikanskägda, Liberiaflaggade supertankern, Sungari, med en Silkworm missil från Kuwaits största oljehamn Mina Al Ahmadi. Nästa morgon attackerade Iran ett annat skepp, den amerikanskflaggade MV Sea Isle City, med en annan Silkworm-missil.
På fredagen den 16 oktober, då alla marknader i London oväntat stängdes på grund av den stora stormen 1987, föll DJIA 108,35 punkter (4,6 procent) för att stänga på 2 246,74 under rekordvolym. Därefter uttryckte statssekreteraren James Baker oro över de fallande aktiekurserna.
Kraschen började på de östliga marknaderna på morgonen den 19 oktober, men accelererade i London. Detta till stor del för att London hade stängt tidigt den 16 oktober på grund av stormen. Vid klockan 9.30 hade London FTSE100 fallit över 136 punkter. Senare på morgonen attackerade två amerikanska krigsfartyg en iransk oljeplattform i Persiska viken som svar på Irans Silkworm-missil angrepp på Sea Isle City.
Marknadseffekter
I slutet av oktober hade aktiemarknaderna i Hongkong, Australien, Spanien, Storbrittanien, USA och Kanada rasat med 45,5%, 41,8%, 31%, 26,45%, 22,68% respektive 22,5%. Nya Zeelands marknad drabades särskilt hårt och sjönk ungefär 60% från 1987 års topp. Börsen i Nya Zeeland behövde flera år att återhämta sig från fallet. Skadorna på den nyazeeländska ekonomin var förhöjda på grund av höga växelkurser och reservbanken i Nya Zeelands vägran att lossa penningpolitiken som svar på krisen. Detta till skillnad från länder som Tyskland, Japan och USA, vars banker ökade den kortfristiga termiska likviditeten för att förhindra lågkonjunktur och bibehålla den ekonomiska tillväxten under de följande åren.
Kursfallet under Black Monday var, och är fortfarande, den största intradagsnedgången på DJIA. Lördagen den 12 december 1914 kallas ibland felaktigt som DJIA: s största dagliga procentuella nedgång. I verkligheten skapades den osynliga nedgången på 24,39% retroaktivt genom en omdefiniering av DJIA 1916
Efter aktiemarknadskraschen träffades en grupp av 33 eminenta ekonomer från olika nationer i Washington, DC i december 1987 och förutspådde kollektivt att de närmaste åren skulle kunna vara de besvärligaste sedan 1930-talet. Ekonomin var dock knappt påverkad och tillväxten ökade faktiskt under 1987 och 1988, och DJIA återupptog sin uppgång i början av 1989.
Orsaker till Black Monday
Möjliga orsaker till nedgången var programhandel, övervärdering, illikviditet och marknadspsykologi. En populär förklaring till 1987-kraschen är utförsäljningar av programhandlare, framför allt som en reaktion på den datoriserade försäljningen som krävdes av portföljförsäkringsskydd.
Ekonomen Dean Furbush påpekar emellertid att det största prisfallet inträffade när volymen var låg. I programhandeln handlar datorerna snabbt på grund av externa insatser, till exempel priset på relaterade värdepapper. Gemensamma strategier som genomförs genom programhandel innebär ett försök att engagera sig i arbitrage- och portföljförsäkringsstrategier.
I takt med att datateknik blev mer tillgänglig växte användningen av programhandel dramatiskt hos företagen på Wall Street. Efter kraschen, beskylldes många programhandelsstrategier för blint sälja aktier när marknader föll, vilket skulle ha förvärrat nedgången. Vissa ekonomer anser att den spekulativa bommen fram till oktober orsakades av programhandeln, och att kraschen bara var en återgång till normalitet. Hur som helst fick programhandeln i allmänhetens ögon bära skulden för kraschen på aktiemarknaden 1987.
Markets are moving fast and keeping up with what this means for your portfolio can be tough. VanEck’s Asset Allocation Committee recently gave an update on market trends and shared how these factors are shaping our core allocation models, the VanEck Wealth Builder Portfolios.
• Gold typically outperforms during the second half of the inflation regime as investors seek protection from social, geopolitical, and financial instability.
• Bitcoin has been the best performing asset class in 8 out of the past 11 years and we strongly believe it deserves a place in investors’ strategic asset allocation.
• Semiconductor valuations have reset: It may be time to reengage after a major repricing since last summer.
• India is one of the most compelling structural growth stories in the market, and the recent India correction is a buying opportunity.
Gold is the Second Half Team (9:33)
Government spending accounts for a whopping one-third of U.S. GDP. Deep spending cuts will likely trigger a recession – which would increase U.S. deficits and cause more inflation. And the risk isn’t just inflation—it’s fragmentation. These cuts are happening amid a trade war, which makes everything more expensive, more uncertain, and more fragile.
This market backdrop, characterized by inflation, war, uncertainty and growing financial instability, is built for gold. Historical data shows that commodities outperform during the first half of the inflation regime, while gold typically outperforms during the second half of the inflation regime as investors seek protection from social, geopolitical and financial instability.
Dividing the Bull Market into Two Halves
Source: Bloomberg, VanEck. “Commodities” represented by the Bloomberg Commodity Index. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Any projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements are not indicative of actual results, are for illustrative purposes only, are valid as of the date of this communication, and are subject to change without notice.
Bitcoin Deserves to be Owned (12:47)
Unlike traditional assets, Bitcoin is decentralized—not controlled by any single government or central bank. It is much more volatile than gold and should not be confused as a risk-off asset. Expect prices to remain under pressure in the near term. However, Bitcoin is well-positioned to rally in the future and continue its strong run of performance.
Bitcoin Has Been the Best Performing Asset Class in 8 Out of the Past 11 Years
Source: Morningstar. As of March 2025. “Bitcoin” represented by MVIS CryptoCompare Bitcoin Index; “US Equities” represented by S&P 500 Index; “Gold” represented by S&P GSCI Gold Spot; “EM Equity” represented by Fidelity Emerging Markets Index; “Real Estate” represented by the NASDAQ Global Real Estate Index; “US Bonds” represented by Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond USD; “Treasuries” represented by Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Treasury Index; “Commodities” represented by Bloomberg Commodity Index. Index definitions included at the end of this presentation. Digital assets are subject to significant risk and are not suitable for all investors. Not intended as an offer or recommendation to buy or sell any assets referenced herein. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
Finding Opportunity in the Chaos: Semiconductors and India (13:34)
Market volatility often triggers a flight to safety, but for astute investors, it can also open the door to compelling opportunities. When asset prices move sharply in response to fear, uncertainty, or liquidity pressures, dislocations can emerge—creating mispricings that don’t reflect underlying fundamentals. Two of our favorite areas are in semiconductors related to AI and India—as the U.S. economy slows, global stimulus efforts are accelerating elsewhere, and India remains a top conviction idea.
Comprehensive Model Portfolio Solutions: From Core to Thematic (17:32)
VanEck’s model portfolio solutions span from comprehensive asset allocation to thematic offerings. Our Wealth Builder Plus Portfolios provide core exposure to equities and fixed income with a strategic allocation to real and digital assets. Security selection, which marries the elements of both active and passive strategies, allows the portfolio to adapt to changing markets. Its systematic investment approach focuses on maximizing diversification and monitoring risk to optimize performance over the long term.
To learn more about market trends and portfolio positioning, listen to the full discussion here.
This is not an offer to buy or sell, or a recommendation to buy or sell any of the securities, financial instruments or digital assets mentioned herein. The information presented does not involve the rendering of personalized investment, financial, legal, tax advice, or any call to action. Certain statements contained herein may constitute projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, which do not reflect actual results, are for illustrative purposes only, are valid as of the date of this communication, and are subject to change without notice. Actual future performance of any assets or industries mentioned are unknown. Information provided by third party sources are believed to be reliable and have not been independently verified for accuracy or completeness and cannot be guaranteed. VanEck does not guarantee the accuracy of third party data. The information herein represents the opinion of the speaker(s), but not necessarily those of VanEck or its other employees.
The models are not mutual funds or other types of securities and will not be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and no units or shares of the models will be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, nor will they be registered with any state securities regulator. Accordingly, the models are not subject to compliance with the requirements of such acts.
Investments in bitcoin and other digital assets are subject to significant risk and are not suitable for all investors. It is possible to lose your entire principal investment.
An investment in the Strategy may be subject to risks which include, but are not limited to, risks related to small- and medium-capitalization companies, emerging market issuers, foreign securities, foreign currency, equity securities, credit, interest rate, floating rate, commodities, underlying funds, derivatives, non-diversification, sector, market, economic, political, regulatory, world event, index tracking, cash transactions, operational, authorized participant concentration, no guarantee of active trading market, trading issues, passive management, fund shares trading, premium/discount risk and liquidity of fund shares, issuer-specific changes, and index-related concentration risks, all of which may adversely affect the Strategy. Emerging market issuers and foreign securities may be subject to securities markets, political and economic, investment and repatriation restrictions, different rules and regulations, less publicly available financial information, foreign currency and exchange rates, operational and settlement, and corporate and securities laws risks. Small- and medium-capitalization companies may be subject to elevated risks. Derivatives may involve certain costs and risks such as liquidity, interest rate, and the risk that a position could not be closed when most advantageous.
Please note that any content generated by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system has not been subject to a human review, and thus no assurance can be made as to its accuracy. Please exercise caution when using AI systems and verify the content produced through such systems wherever possible.
No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or referred to in any other publication, without express written permission of VanEck.
All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. As with any investment strategy, there is no guarantee that investment objectives will be met and investors may lose money. Diversification does not ensure a profit or protect against a loss in a declining market. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
Amundi Euro Stoxx Select Dividend 30 UCITSETFDist (C051 ETF) med ISIN LU2611732558, försöker spåra EURO STOXX® Select Dividend 30-index. EURO STOXX® Select Dividend 30-index spårar de 30 företagen med högst direktavkastning från EU-länderna i euroområdet.
Den börshandlade fondens TER (total cost ratio) uppgår till 0,25 % p.a. Amundi Euro Stoxx Select Dividend 30 UCITSETFDistär den billigaste ETF som följer EURO STOXX® Select Dividend 30-index. ETFen replikerar det underliggande indexets prestanda genom fullständig replikering (köper alla indexbeståndsdelar). Utdelningarna i ETFen delas ut till investerarna (Årligen).
Amundi Euro Stoxx Select Dividend 30 UCITSETFDist är en liten ETF med tillgångar på 64 miljoner euro under förvaltning. Denna ETF lanserades den 21 mars 2024 och har sin hemvist i Luxemburg.
Investeringsmål
Amundi Euro Stoxx Select Dividend 30 UCITSETFDist försöker replikera så nära som möjligt utvecklingen av EURO STOXX Select Dividend 30 (Net Return) EUR Index (”Indexet”) oavsett om trenden är stigande eller fallande. Delfondens mål är att uppnå en tracking error-nivå för delfonden och dess index som normalt inte överstiger 1 %.
Det betyder att det går att handla andelar i denna ETF genom de flesta svenska banker och Internetmäklare, till exempel DEGIRO, Nordnet, Aktieinvest och Avanza.
Volatility reared its head across the financial markets in April and crypto assets were not spared. The uncertainties around tariff policy in the aftermath of “Liberation Day” led to a month where bitcoin (BTC) dropped below $76,000 before recovering mid-month and rising nearly 25% off that low through yesterday.
Equities and other risk assets were also exposed to this volatility, but what was notable to see is that, once again, crypto assets recovered faster than other risk assets. Using the Nasdaq Crypto IndexTM (NCITM) as the proxy for the digital asset market, we can see that crypto outperformed both the S&P 500 and gold in the weeks following the US regional banking crisis in early 2023, the yen carry trade unwinding in August of 2024, and the implementation of Trump’s tariffs this month.
Source: Hashdex Research with data from CF Benchmarks and Bloomberg (from March 9, 2023 to April 27, 2025). Since 30 full days have not yet passed since “Liberation Day,” we use performance data up through 4/27/25 to illustrate the period.
Why is this? We are seeing a growing convergence of market behavior, regulatory progress, and real-world use cases that are strengthening the investment case for crypto. Two major developments in particular deserve attention. First, bitcoin is maturing as a store-of-value asset, increasingly behaving like “digital gold” in institutional portfolios. Second, the rapid global adoption of stablecoins and the emerging tokenization trend are reinforcing the value proposition of smart contract platforms like Ethereum and Solana, underscoring their role as the infrastructure layer of a new financial system. Together, these trends are accelerating crypto’s integration into the global economy and creating compelling long-term investment opportunities.
Bitcoin’s growing role as a store of value
Bitcoin’s core investment thesis has long centered around its scarcity, decentralization, and resistance to censorship. But for much of its history, it was seen more as a speculative asset than a reliable store of value. We are seeing increasing evidence that this perception is now shifting, notably last week when BTC rose alongside gold as stock indices fell and the US dollar hit a three-year low.
Three developments have been key to bitcoin’s evolution as a store-of-value asset:
Macro environment alignment: Bitcoin is increasingly viewed as a hedge against currency debasement and long-term monetary instability. With developed economies still grappling with inflationary pressures and debt sustainability, investors are reassessing the role of hard assets in portfolios. Gold has historically served this role—but bitcoin, with its verifiable scarcity (a fixed 21 million supply), global liquidity, and portability, is increasingly seen as a digital alternative. Recent correlations during macro events further reinforce this view. In 2023 and early 2024, bitcoin often moved in tandem with gold during geopolitical tensions and inflationary scares, signaling that markets are beginning to treat it as a safe-haven asset rather than a purely risk-on trade.
Institutional infrastructure and spot ETFs: The launch of US-listed spot bitcoin ETFs in early 2024 marked a watershed moment. This development provided investors with a simple, regulated, and cost-efficient way to gain exposure to bitcoin through traditional financial channels. As more institutional-grade custody, execution, and compliance infrastructure goes live, we expect bitcoin’s correlation with traditional safe-haven assets to strengthen further, reinforcing its store-of-value narrative.
On-chain metrics and long-term holders: Perhaps most telling is the behavior of bitcoin holders. On-chain data shows that a significant percentage of bitcoin is now held by long-term investors—wallets that have not moved funds for over a year. These holders typically exhibit low sensitivity to price volatility and reflect growing confidence in bitcoin as a long-term asset. This behavior supports price stability and reduces sell pressure during market downturns. It also aligns with the characteristics we expect from a mature store-of-value asset.
Stablecoins, tokenization, and the smart contract opportunity
While bitcoin is moving toward a role as digital gold, the demand for stablecoins—digital assets pegged to fiat currencies, most commonly the US dollar—is rising. In addition, tokenized money-market funds are on the rise since the beginning of 2023, with traditional institutions, such as BlackRock and UBS, already tapping into this market and gathering billions of dollars under management in their own version of yield-bearing dollar tokens. Ethereum, its suite of Layer-2 solutions, and other smart contract platforms like Solana and Avalanche are the very networks used to tokenize real-world assets, facilitating transactions and adding programmability and new utility made possible due to the speed, security and composability of public blockchains. Dollar stablecoins, particularly USDC and USDT, now facilitate nearly $3 trillion in annual transaction volume, surpassing the combined volumes of PayPal, Venmo, and Western Union. Their utility spans remittances, on-chain trading, and merchant payments.
The growth of stablecoins and tokenization is clearly not merely a crypto-native phenomenon. Financial institutions and fintech companies are integrating stablecoins into their products, and multiple jurisdictions—from Singapore to Brazil to the US—are exploring regulatory frameworks to support their use.
So, why does this matter for Ethereum and other smart contract platforms?
Stablecoins and tokenization drive blockchain activity: Stablecoins are the most widely used applications on programmable public blockchains. Ethereum remains the dominant platform for stablecoin issuance and transaction settlement, and its competitors are also experiencing continued growth in the past several years. This trend generates fees on these networks, securing demand for their native tokens, and incentivizing ongoing infrastructure development. This economic activity supports the investment case for assets like ETH and SOL as “yield-generating” assets (through staking) and as the fuel required to power network computation.
Network effects and platform stickiness: Smart contract platforms benefit from strong developer mindshare, extensive tooling, and a deep ecosystem of wallets, DeFi protocols, and onramps. Stablecoins and tokenization amplify this ecosystem by making blockchains more usable and more financially relevant to everyday users. As these become embedded into mainstream financial products—like savings accounts, neobanks, and cross-border commerce—they create persistent demand for the networks that support them.
Smart contract monetization models: The success of stablecoins and the emerging trend of tokenization also hint at the business models of tomorrow. Blockchains that can efficiently process high volumes of transactions—while maintaining low fees and regulatory compliance—will capture significant value.
Implications for investors
These dual narratives—bitcoin as digital gold and smart contract platforms as financial infrastructure—are not mutually exclusive. They complement one another and represent two pillars of the evolving digital asset thesis. For long-term investors, this presents a clearer framework for portfolio construction:
• Bitcoin: A macro hedge and store of value, increasingly playing a role similar to gold in diversified portfolios. Best positioned to benefit from macro uncertainty and institutional adoption.
• Smart contract platforms:Growth assets tied to the expansion of on-chain economic activity, especially in stablecoin usage, tokenization, and DeFi. These platforms will benefit from network usage, staking yields, and infrastructure adoption.
As always, risks remain—from regulatory fragmentation to network competition. But unlike previous cycles, we are now seeing real-world adoption driving demand and investor interest. Bitcoin and smart contract platforms are no longer just ideas. They are working systems with proven use cases and growing economic gravity.
At Hashdex, we believe digital assets are entering a new phase—one characterized less by speculative mania and more by measurable integration into the global economy. Bitcoin’s maturing role as a store of value, alongside smart contracts’ central position in powering stablecoin and tokenization infrastructure, underscores this shift.
Our index-based investment strategies are built to capture this evolution: favoring assets with enduring network effects, regulatory momentum, and demonstrated economic utility. As the market continues to evolve, we remain committed to helping investors navigate this journey with clarity, conviction, and a long-term mindset.